Sorry – C02 is not the major greenhouse gas. In this layer, the temperature starts decreasing with increasing altitude and reaches up to – 100 degree Celsius at the height of 80 km. The temperature here is nearly constant, and hence, it is called tropopause. Composition Atmosphere and Structure Atmospheric Structure, The Past And Future Of The AtmosphereComposition of the atmosphere. Because continuity is very essential. The … 4. The composition of Earth's atmosphere is largely governed by the by-products of the life that it sustains. The environmental temperature decreases with increasing height of the atmosphere. It acts as a filter and absorbs the ultra-violet rays radiating from the sun and prevents them from reaching the surface of the earth. These particles are found in the form of sand, smoke-soot, oceanic salt, ash, pollen, etc. (d) burning of fossil fuels. Carbon dioxide is required by plant life for photosynthesis, the process of using sunlight to store energy as simp… Adopt the 3 Strategies for Success in the UPSC Civil Services Exam. Structure & Composition. The lower atmosphere is a mixture of molecules of three important gases — Oxygen (O 2), Nitrogen (N 2) and Carbon dioxide (CO 2) — along with water vapor and trace amounts of several other gases that have no immediate biological importance. The air is a mixture of several gases and it encompasses the earth from all sides. Earth Science: EEn.2.5.1 : Summarize the structure and composition of our atmosphere. - Poonam Dalal, ClearIAS Online Student. Composition of Atmosphere • The atmosphere is composed of gases, water vapour and dust particles. Composition and structure of the atmosphere. 5. 1. The upper limit of the stratosphere is known as stratopause. The exosphere is the uppermost layer of the atmosphere. Ways to reduce ozone depletion. CO2 is not causing global warming! Atmosphere is the air surrounding the earth. Composition and Structure of Atmosphere COMPOSITION OF THE ATMOSPHERE The atmosphere is a thick gaseous envelope which surrounds the earth from all sides and is attached to the earth’s surface by gravitational force. Ionosphere: The height of this sphere extends from 80 to 640 kms above surface of Earth. Required fields are marked *, "Working 24*7 in the police for the last 5 years and been out of touch with the preparation, I took the guidance from your website, especially the ClearIAS prelims test series. Atmosphere is a gaseous envelop surrounded earth from all side This atmosphere is present by the gravitational attraction on the earth The life prevails on the earth only because of the present atmosphere If there is no atmosphere the earth became barren The air surrounding the earth is called the atmosphere. Important Questions on Composition And Structure Of The Atmosphere is available on Toppr. Higher concentration of dust particles is found in subtropical and temperate regions due to dry winds in comparison to equatorial and polar regions. The air temperature at the tropopause is about – 80 degree Celsius over the equator and about – 45 degree Celsius over the poles. The ozone layer – in the stratosphere. Water vapour reaches in the atmosphere through evaporation and transpiration. Plz provide all material in sequence manner. The air surrounding the earth is called the atmosphere. Troposphere contains dust particles and water vapour. Water vapour also contributes to the stability and instability in the air. Rated among the best, emerging online test preparation startups, Clear IAS also offers for free, the popular Clear IAS android app. The proportion of gases changes in the higher layers of the atmosphere in such a way that oxygen will be almost in negligible quantity at the height of 120 km. It is believed that Earth's current atmosphere then began to form when gases were released by early volcanic activity. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. The amount of water vapour decreases with altitude. Meteors or falling stars occur in this layer. The troposphere is the lowest layer extending from the surface up to roughly 18 km above the surface depending on location (varies from as low as 6 km to as high as 20 km). Other gases like argon, carbon dioxide, neon, helium, hydrogen, etc. The temperature here starts increasing with heights. It is transparent to the incoming solar radiation (insolation) but opaque to the outgoing terrestrial radiation. 7th grade science: 7.E.1.1 : Compare the composition, properties and structure of Earth's atmosphere to include mixtures of gases and differences in temperature and pressure within layers. When Earth formed 4.5 million years ago, its atmosphere was probably composed of hydrogen, methane, and ammonia gases—much like the outer planets in our solar system. Very Nice article. IT IS VERY NICE ARTICLE. Sir thanks for providing material in sequence this was the only one thing which was not good in your material. 2. The air is a mixture of a number of gases. ClearIAS provides free IAS online coaching, guidance, strategies, books, online study-materials and mock tests with a vision that no candidate should be left out of UPSC exam competition due to in-accessibility of expensive IAS classroom coaching. Therefore this layer is called ‘changing sphere’ or troposphere. Composition and Structure of Atmosphere About 78.08% of atmospheric gasses are Nitrogen (N2). Gases form of water present in the atmosphere is called water vapour. Giant sink-holes are swallowing up a Russian city, Chai Jing's review: Under the Dome – Investigating China’s Smog, Louis Theroux - Law and Disorder in Johannesburg. Amount of Helium (He) in atmosphere is 0.0005%. The air is one among the necessary conditions for the existence of life on this planet. 2. It absorbs a part of terrestrial radiation and reflects back some part of it towards the earth’s surface. COMPOSITION OF THE ATMOSPHERE As stated above, atmosphere is an envelope of air around the earth. Question 2 (ii). The anthropogenic changes of The Composition and Structure of atmosphere has great impact on the weather and climatic condition. Structure of the Atmosphere The atmosphere can be divided into different layers according to composition, density, pressure and temperature variations. Can you Pass a Literacy Test Given To Black Voters In The 1960s? Structure of the atmosphere We commonly think of gas molecules as moving about in a completely random manner, but the Earth’s gravitational field causes downward motions to be very slightly favored so that the molecules in any thin layer of the air collide more frequently with those in … The atmosphere is a mixture of different gases. Chapter 1: Composition and Structure of the Atmosphere Composition Evolution Vertical Structure. Causes and effects of ozone depletion. Major Ocean Currents: How to learn faster? Identification and description of fluvial landforms, Superimposed and antecedent drainage patterns, Subtropical Anticyclones and Associated Weather Conditions, 1. Earth’s Atmosphere: Origin and Structure of the Atmosphere! Gases - There are nunervous forms of gases in the atmosphere. Yes, I want ClearIAS to help me score high! Weather related incidents do not take place in this layer. It contains life-giving gases like Oxygen for humans and animals and carbon dioxide for plants. Earth’s atmosphere is divided into four distinct layers based on thermal characteristics (temperature changes), chemical composition, movement, and density (Figure 6.1. Atmosphere means atmos= Steam,vapour and spharia= sphere. Atmosphere is the air surrounding the earth. One important feature of stratosphere is that it contains a layer of ozone gas. The air never remains static in this layer. Carbon dioxide is meteorologically a very important gas. We all know that earth is a unique planet due to the presence of life. These dust particles help in the condensation of water vapour. Table 8.1 shows details of various gases in the air, particularly in the lower atmosphere. The relationships between air temperature, air pressure and wind, 6. The ozone layer – in the stratosphere. AKHINA.P B.ED Geography 2. THANKS FOR SHARING SUCH A HELPFUL NOTES, These notes are very specific,to the point and easy understand.thnq for sharing. The air is one among the necessary conditions for the existence of life on this planet. The remainder, less than 0.1%, contains many small but important trace gases, including water vapor, carbon dioxide, and ozone. I bought it and found it to be the best available online." ESS5 Prof. Jin-Yi Yu Thickness of the Atmosphere Most of the atmospheric mass is confined in the lowest 100 km above the sea level. It contains life-giving g… 3. Ozone is another important component of the atmosphere found mainly between 10 and 50 km above the earth’s surface. Thanks for providing material free of cost . Evaporation takes place in the oceans, seas, rivers, ponds and lakes while transpiration takes place from the plants, trees and living beings. These gases included water vapor, carbon dioxide, … Credit of … It is a gaseous blanket surrounded by our earth from all the sides and is attached to the earth’s surface by gravitational force. 1. Hi Nikhil, thank you for the feedback and great to know that readers like you value our content so much. It contains a high concentration of ozone (O3) in relation to other parts of the atmosphere. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The amount of Oxygen (O2) in atmosphere is 20.95%. Your material is excellent, I am your regular user. The atmosphere is the thin layer of gases separating earth from the outer space. Therefore, the density of air is very less here. The primary greenhouse ‘gas’ is water vapour in clouds. Atmosphere is composed and structured of different gases and layers respectively. The Layers of the Atmosphere The temperature remains almost the same in the lower part of this layer up to the height of 20 km. • The proportion of gases changes in the higher layers of the atmosphere. 4. 3. As explained in Radiation and Spectra, we can use a star’s absorption line spectrum to determine what elements are present. Subsidence and convergence – link to rainfall, 3. 4. Its maximum amount in the atmosphere could be up to 4% which is found in the warm and wet regions. The temperature increases due to the presence of ozone gas in the upper part of this layer. It envelops the earth all round and is held in place by the gravity of the earth. Radio waves transmitted from the earth are reflected back to the earth by this layer and due to this, radio broadcasting has become possible. The atmosphere is a mixture of different gases. Structure of the earth’s atmosphere The atmosphere having a homogeneous composition in the lower part is called Homosphere. The air blows horizontally here. The atmosphere can be divided into five layers according to the diversity of temperature and density. It is mainly found in the lower portion of the stratosphere, from approximately 20 to 30 km above the earth’s surface. MCQ Questions for Class 11 Geography: Ch 8 Composition and Structure of Atmosphere. Structure of the atmosphere 1. Start studying Structure and Composition of the Atmosphere. Passionate about South Africa! Global air circulation – a response to the unequal heating of the atmosphere, 4. Our planet 's rapid spin and molten nickel-iron core give rise to an extensive magnetic field, which, along with the atmosphere, shields us from nearly all of the harmful radiation coming from the Sun and other stars. It is the lowermost layer of the atmosphere. sir please make available pdf of these notes i really want these notes in pdf kindly help me these notes are very useful plzz make me avilable them, Your email address will not be published. The proportion of gases changes in the higher layers of the atmosphere in such a way that oxygen will be almost in negligible quantity at the height of 120 km. The composition of Atmosphere:-Main gases of the atmosphere are nitrogen, oxygen, water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. Only about 0.0325% of the atmosphere is CO2. It is the region of the stratosphere that absorbs most of the sun’s ultra-violet radiations. This layer is located between 80 and 400 km above the mesopause. According to Strahler, 97% of the earth’s atmosphere found at the height of 29km but the limit of atmospheric height goes at the height of 10,000km. It turns out that the Sun contains the same elements as Earth but not in the same proportions. It helps in stopping the ultraviolet rays harmful to the life and maintains the suitable temperature necessary for life. Figure A shows the placement of the different layers of the atmosphere and how the temperature changes with height as you go from the ground up to space. Some scientists theorize that this original atmosphere may have been lost when the Sun violently emitted material that swept away this gaseous envelope from around Earth. The atmosphere is made up of different gases, water vapour and dust particles. Thanks clearias.com Gases are very sparse in this sphere due to the lack of gravitational force. Generally, atmosphere extends up to about 1600 km from the earth’s surface. It decreases at the rate of 1 degree Celsius for every 165 m of height. Dust particles are generally found in the lower layers of the atmosphere. It is very good and attractive note for all types students. Earth's atmosphere is composed of about 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 0.93% argon. They are: What’s next in the series: Insolation and Heat Balance of the Earth. This rising volume of carbon dioxide is the main reason for global warming. 2). Nitrogen and oxygen are the two main gases in the atmosphere and 99 percentage of the atmosphere is made up of these two gases. In maintenance of composition and structure of atmosphere around these dust particles are found only up to the lack of gravitational force, am! 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